It is one of the commonwealth countries. The head of the state of Canada is Queen Elizabeth II. The capital city of Canada is Ottawa. Canada is 2nd largest country in the world after Russia with area of 9,984,670 km2 and population is 34,813,000. Canada is federal parliamentary democracy, federation composed of ten provinces and three territories. Canada is low dense country so Canada is welcoming large number of migrants from Asia, Europe other continent of the globe. The education in Canada is globally renowned, for the students seeking quality and innovation it is best country to study further. Once students enter and study certain degree in Canada it will be easy to settle in Canada and gives you the great opportunity to enter in the global market. It is best country for those students who seek of getting good values of their investment. Canada is also known as a modern, progressive nation with open-minded citizens. We are a multicultural society with two official languages, English and French, and are proud of our ethnic diversity.

Canadians are widely regarded as friendly, polite, well-educated, interesting and healthy. We enjoy a very high standard of living—Canada has consistently ranked among the top 10 countries in the United Nations Quality of Life Index since 2004.

Canada occupies the northern half of the North American continent, with a landmass of 9,093,507 km2, making it the second-largest country in the world after Russia. Bordered by the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, we have the longest coastline of any country. To the north, the Arctic islands come within 800 kilometers of the North Pole. To the south, we share an 8,893-kilometre land border—the longest in the world—with the United States. Most of
the population lives within a few hundred kilometers of the southern border, in a long band that stretches between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Distinctive features include our vast mountain ranges: the Torngats, Appalachians and Laurentians in the east; the Rocky, Coastal and Mackenzie ranges in the west; and Mount St. Elias and the Pelly Mountains in the north. At 5,959 meters, Mount Logan in the Yukon is Canada’s tallest peak.

Canada has more than two million lakes, covering about 7.6 percent of the country. In total, Canada has almost 900,000 km2 of fresh water. Many large lakes traverse the Canada-U.S. border, but the main Canadian lakes are Huron, Superior, Great Slave, Winnipeg, Erie, Ontario and Great Bear. The St. Lawrence River (3,058 km long) is Canada’s most important river, providing a seaway for ships from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.

Canada’s population is approximately 34.8 million, with roughly 80 percent concentrated in cities and towns. The population density ratio is one of the lowest in the world at 3.7 persons per square kilometer.
As of 2012, these are the largest Canadian cities:

Toronto (5.9 million)
Montreal (4.0 million)
Vancouver (2.5 million)
Ottawa region (1.3 million)

Canada is a multicultural and diverse country. The majority of Canadians are of European ancestry, primarily descendants of the early French and British colonists, as well as later immigrants from eastern and southern Europe.

However, as patterns of immigration have shifted over the years so has the ethnic mix. The second half of the 20th century saw a great influx of people from Asia, the Caribbean and Africa. In the 2006 census, more than one third of Canadians reported having one or more of 200 ethnic origins and over 16 percent of Canadians classified themselves as a visible minority. Canada also has a diverse aboriginal population, which consists of First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.

Many religions are practiced in Canada, while almost 20 percent of Canadians claim no religious affiliation.
Language

Canada has two official languages, English and French. In 2011, 5.8 million Canadians reported being able to conduct a conversation in both of Canada’s official languages, making up 17.5 percent of the Canadian population. All federal government institutions and many businesses offer bilingual services.

Chinese dialects are the third most common native language in Canada, followed by German, Italian, Punjabi and Spanish. The most common Aboriginal languages are Cree, Inuktitut and Ojibway.

Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a federal state with a democratic system of government. This means Canadians recognize Queen Elizabeth II as their Head of State. Canada’s Governor General carries out Her Majesty’s duties in Canada on a daily basis and is Canada’s de facto Head of State. Like many other democracies, Canada has clearly defined the difference between the Head of State and the Head of Government, the Prime Minister.

Canada’s Parliament, situated in the capital city of Ottawa, consists of the House of Commons with 308 elected members and the Senate, where 105 members are appointed. On average, members of parliament (MPs) are elected every four years. The Prime Minister, who is usually the leader of the party with the largest number of seats in the House of Commons, is the Head of Government. The Prime Minister appoints 20 to 30 ministers who make up the Cabinet. The Cabinet develops government policy and is responsible to the House of Commons.

Headed by Cabinet, the Government of Canada performs its duties through the intermediary of federal departments and agencies, boards, commissions and state-owned corporations. Each province/territory has its legislature under the leadership of a premier.

A number of important aspects of daily life are the responsibility of the provincial and territorial governments, including education, health care, drivers’ licences and labour standards.

Municipal and local governments also play an important role and are normally responsible for urban or regional planning, streets and roads, sanitation (such as garbage collection), snow removal, firefighting services, ambulance and other emergency services, recreational facilities, public transportation, and some local health and social services. Most major urban centers have municipal police services.

Before you can apply for a study permit, you must be accepted at a Canadian designated learning institution. In Canada, each province or territory manages its own education system. Different provinces and territories have different options and services for students. Some private institutions, such as career colleges and language schools, are not regulated by the government. Once you have chosen a place to study, you will need to apply for admission. If the school admits you as a student, it will send you a letter of acceptance. You need this letter in order to apply for a study permit. Please note that if you apply to study in the province of Quebec, the requirements are different.

Students must apply for a study permit from outside Canada, at the visa office responsible for the country or region where you live. Many visa offices have specific local instructions about which documents you must submit with your application.

You and your spouse or common-law partner may be eligible to work temporarily in Canada while you study. You may also be able to gain Canadian work experience after you graduate.

If you have a valid study permit, you may be able to work on the campus of the institution you attend without a work permit. You can work for the institution itself, or for a private business located on the campus. To do this, you must be a full-time student at a public university, a community college, a collège d’enseignement général et professionnel (CEGEP), a publicly funded trade or technical school or a private institution authorized to confer degrees.

Study permit holders in Canada may gain work experience by working off campus while completing their studies. As of June 1, 2014, you may qualify to work off campus without a work permit.

If you qualify, your study permit will allow you to:

• Work up to 20 hours per week during regular academic sessions and
• Work full-time during scheduled breaks, such as the winter and summer holidays or spring break.

To qualify,

• You must: have a valid study permit,
• Be a full-time student, be enrolled at a designated learning institution at the post-secondary level or, in Quebec, a vocational program at the secondary level, and
• Be studying in an academic, vocational or professional training program that leads to a degree, diploma or certificate that is at least six months in duration.

If you are in a program with a work experience component, such as a co-op or internship placement, you will need a work permit as well as a study permit. To get a work permit, you must prove that the work experience is essential to completing your program. Acceptable proof could include a letter from the school you are attending or a copy of the school curriculum. The work experience cannot be more than 50% of your total program of study.

The Post-Graduation Work Permit Program allows you to gain valuable Canadian work experience after you have completed your studies in Canada. This can help you apply to become a permanent resident of Canada. To qualify, you must have graduated from a public or private institution that grants degrees recognized by the province or territory. These institutions may include a university, college or CEGEP. Work permits under this program are valid for the length of your study program, up to a maximum of three years. For example, if you graduate from a four-year degree program, you could be eligible for a three-year work permit. If you graduate from an eight-month certificate program, you would be eligible for a work permit that is valid for eight months. You must apply for a post-graduation work permit within 90 days of receiving written confirmation from your educational institution that you have met the requirements for completing your academic program. With this permit, you can work in any occupation and change employers anytime

If you are a full-time student at a recognized post-secondary institution, and you have a valid study permit, your spouse or common-law partner can apply for a permit to work in Canada. As long as they have a work permit, they can work in any occupation and change jobs at any time. These permits are valid for the same period of time as your study permit.

Here are some typical costs for items and services in Canada. Please note all figures are in Canadian Dollars (CAD).

• Academic documents and achievements
• Passport
• Score of Acceptable English Language Test
• Letter of Acceptance
• Bank loan/bank balance
• Property valuation
• Income sources
• Tax Clearance documents
• Police report
• Relationship certificate
• Medical Examination
• Completed relevant application forms